There is a wide range of materials and technical solutions for insulating buildings. The most popular and common insulation materials are mineral wool (glass wool, stone wool), expanded polystyrene (foam), polystyrene-graphite granules, foam glass and various foams. But “most popular” does not automatically mean they are the best or the only materials worth considering. More and more often, sustainable natural materials are used for insulation too, such as wood fibre and hemp wool, wood shavings, hemp shives, wood fibre boards and wood wool boards.
Considering their properties, availability and installation, I believe the best insulation materials for a timber frame house are wood fibre boards and cellulose insulation. They are natural materials that create the healthiest possible living environment and the most pleasant indoor climate.
Wood fibre boards are fully ecological, made from fine wood fibre. No glue is used in production, as the natural resin in the wood acts as the binder. Wood fibre boards can be used to insulate walls, floors and ceilings. Their edges are tongue-and-groove, which makes tighter joints between boards. They are suitable for holding soft, loose-fill and fibre insulation in place, and for full or partial insulation. Thanks to their dense structure, various plasters can be applied to them. A healthy indoor climate can be achieved with clay plaster, which complements the properties of wood fibre boards perfectly and naturally regulates the humidity in living spaces.
Cellulose insulation is an effective insulation material made from natural cellulose fibre by recycling waste paper. It is hygroscopic, which reduces the risk of condensation in timber structures. It is installed by low-pressure blowing with special equipment. When installed correctly, cellulose insulation packs tightly, which guarantees that it will not shrink or settle over time. It is economical, as installation leaves no waste material.
Excellent energy efficiency
Wood fibre boards and cellulose insulation have low thermal conductivity, so building-code energy requirements are easy to meet. The thermal conductivity (λ) of cellulose insulation is 0.036 W/mK.
Even temperature
The high heat capacity of these materials reduces indoor temperature swings, keeping rooms at a more even temperature.
Good sound insulation
The soft fibres absorb and reduce unwanted noise.
Healthy indoor climate
Natural insulation absorbs moisture and releases it again, so indoor air is neither too dry nor too damp.
Lower risk of moisture and mould
The capillary action of the natural fibres in wood fibre boards and cellulose insulation helps reduce condensation and moisture damage in timber structures.
Safe for people and the environment
A healthy lifestyle starts with a healthy, unpolluted living environment. Wood fibre boards and cellulose insulation are ecological materials with no harmful or allergenic additives, and they improve the indoor climate. They are sustainable, environmentally friendly and fully recyclable.
Text by SIA “Timbero Latvia” project manager Mikus Mezītis
